Motivated by the explosion of molecular data on humans--particularly those
associated with individual patients--and the sense that there are large,
as-yet-untapped opportunities to use these data to improve health outcomes,
Toward Precision Medicine explores the feasibility and need for "a New
Taxonomy of human disease based on molecular biology" and develops a potential
framework for creating one.
The report says that a new data network that integrates emerging research on
the molecular makeup of diseases with clinical data on individual patients could
drive the development of a more accurate classification of disease and
ultimately enhance diagnosis and treatment. The "new taxonomy" that emerges
would define diseases by their underlying molecular causes and other factors in
addition to their traditional physical signs and symptoms. The report adds that
the new data network could also improve biomedical research by enabling
scientists to access patients' information during treatment while still
protecting their rights. This would allow the marriage of molecular research and
clinical data at the point of care, as opposed to research information
continuing to reside primarily in academia.
The report notes that moving toward individualized medicine requires that
researchers and health care providers have access to very large sets of health
and disease-related data linked to individual patients. These data are also
critical for developing the information commons, the knowledge network of
disease, and ultimately the new taxonomy.
Committee on a Framework for Development a New Taxonomy of Disease; National
Research Council
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